According to a previous study showing that the mutation of VHL gene plays critical roles in ccRCC pathogenesis and clinical outcome prediction (36), we conducted survival analysis based on the different VHL gene mutation status stratified by CCL4 expression, which suggested that high CCL4 expression corresponded to a high mortality rate in both the VHL mutant and wild-type cohorts (Figures 7E, F). Here, VHL is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.