TGFB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: This multi-centre ethnicity-based analysis revealed five new locus variants that is potentially associated with PAH in the Han Chinese, including ‘G410DfsX1’ in BMPR2, ex7 L300P,’ ‘ex4 S110PfsX40,’ and ‘ex7 E295Afs96X’ in ALK1, ‘c.-2C>A (IVS1–2 C>A)’ in CAV1, and ‘ex8 D366Q’ in ENG. This study reports that females have greater susceptibility to PAH in the Han Chinese; moreover, in addition to BMP and TGF-β pathways, changes in nitric oxide signalling and regulation have also been reported to be associated with PAH.