Overexpression of MDK, CENPM, and SSR2 promotes tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis, leading to poor prognosis in patients with HCC (Gowhari Shabgah et al., 2021; Zheng et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2019; Hong et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene MDK and hepatocellular carcinoma.