The most commonly mutated genes among patients with CHB, LC, and HCC included DST, ZFHX4, SYNE2, PEG3, ASPM, KEAP1, KDM6A, PTPRB, FRAS1, APOB, MAP1B, RPS6KA3, USP9X, BRD7, SPAG17, ACVR2A, IDH2, AR, TERT, TP53, TGFBR2, EP300, STAT3, and DDR2. Here, FRAS1 is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.