The most commonly mutated genes among patients with CHB, LC, and HCC included DST, ZFHX4, SYNE2, PEG3, ASPM, KEAP1, KDM6A, PTPRB, FRAS1, APOB, MAP1B, RPS6KA3, USP9X, BRD7, SPAG17, ACVR2A, IDH2, AR, TERT, TP53, TGFBR2, EP300, STAT3, and DDR2. Here, SPAG17 is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.