Robust evidence has shown a tight connection between inflammation and tumorigenesis (Porta et al., 2011; Liao et al., 2018), let alone that some of those IRGs, for instance, LCK, EGFR, and CD40, have also been reported to directly impact tumorigenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and migration (da Cunha Santos et al., 2011; Mata et al., 2017; Zepecki et al., 2019), making the inclusion of those IRGs in our MIBC signature look even more reasonable. Here, CD40 is linked to neoplasm.