TNF and colorectal carcinoma: GSEA revealed that the ATG signature included genes that were robustly involved in multiple immune/inflammatory pathways including IL6/JAK/STAT3, IL2/STAT5, IFN-α, IFN-γ, and TNF-α/NF-κB, and the inflammatory response presented a particular relation to CRC proliferation or prognosis as previous studies revealed (Nichols et al., 1994; Eguchi et al., 2003; De Simone et al., 2015; Park et al., 2017; Giordano et al., 2019).