CD274 and neoplasm: There are two evaluation methods for PD-L1 expression, including combined positive score (CPS), described as the number of PD-L1-positive cells (tumor cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes) divided by the total number of tumor cells and multiplied by 100, and the tumor proportion score (TPS), described as the percentage of viable tumor cells with partial or complete membrane staining of PD-L1 (≥1%) to all viable tumor cells in the sample.