In the signal pathways of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, IL-1β and receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family of serine-threonine kinases, RIPK1 and RIPK3, Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) were detected in PeV-A3-infected GBM cells (Figure 4A, right panel, and Figure 4B). This evidence concerns the gene MARK2 and glioblastoma.