Similar to P. aeruginosa-induced ALI model, JNK2 mRNA levels in the wild-type mouse lungs were also decreased at 4 h after intratracheal LPS treatment (Figure 6A), correlated with a robust induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1, IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β (Figure 6A). Here, IL6 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.