TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Similar to P. aeruginosa-induced ALI model, JNK2 mRNA levels in the wild-type mouse lungs were also decreased at 4 h after intratracheal LPS treatment (Figure 6A), correlated with a robust induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1, IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β (Figure 6A).