C1S and infection: We found that these signaling molecules could be divided into two categories, according to their expression patterns: genes that were continuously upregulated during the time of infection, such as CXCL10, ACKR4, CX3CR1, OASL, and ADM in Vero E6 and CXCR6, CXCL2, CCL27, TNFSF11, TNFSF18, FFAR2, STEAP4, APOBEC3G, CEBPD, LRG1, CRP, and SAA1 in Huh7 (Supplementary Figure 2C), and genes that respond during the second stage of the infection, such as CXCL1, CXCL6, IL6, TNFAIP6, C1S, and LCN2.