INSR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this vicious circle, the consistently high level of TG, which leads to a maintained-high LAP, contributes to T2DM by competing with glucose to enter the cell, decreasing the activity of insulin receptors on fat cells, and preventing insulin from combining with receptors; moreover, the high LAP could also attribute to the decreased level of HDL, which can negatively influence the β cell’s function in the pancreas and reduce insulin sensitivity (31).