Also in patient cohorts that are not restricted to breast cancer patients, cardiac biomarkers (including N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proNAP), mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-pro-ET1), and high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT)) are found to be associated with cancer and cancer therapies. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and cancer.