SIRT1 (Braidy et al., 2011; Mitchell et al., 2014; Guan et al., 2017) and SIRT3 (Benigni et al., 2009; Redman and Ravussin, 2011) can directly slow down renal aging due to their actions on PGC-1 alpha/PPAR-gamma (prevention of metabolic syndrome and thus diabetic nephropathy), FoxO3 (activation, with subsequent induction of MnSOD and fall in the intracellular ROS concentration), FoxO4 (activation, with a subsequent promotion of removal of damaged or senescent cells through autophagy), and NF-κB (anti-inflammatory, and hence antifibrotic effect) (Kume et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2016). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is metabolic syndrome.