TLR4 and colitis: In another colitis model induced by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS), interleukin-33 (IL-33), a well-known anti-inflammatory cytokine, was reported to ameliorate colitis through the enhancement of intestinal macrophage autophagy in the inflammatory gut tissue via regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway (Wang et al., 2019).