PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Consistently, anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies blocking the binding between PD-1 and PD-L1 have been reported to promote marked antitumor immunity, and have risen to the forefront of immunotherapy due to their notable clinical efficacy in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer clinical trials (Xue et al., 2017).