In an elegant study, Wu et al. demonstrated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus plantarum stimulated VDR expression and activity in different cell lines, and that the administration of the two probiotic bacteria had a protective effect against Salmonella-induced colitis only in wild-type mice with intact functioning of the VDR pathway, while that protective effect was completely abrogated in VDR knock-out (KO) mice (Wu et al., 2015a). This evidence concerns the gene VDR and colitis.