CASP3 and chronic kidney disease: Twenty-seven key proteins in the PPI network were selected (Figure 2B), including AKT1, tumor protein 53 (TP53), IL6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), MAPK1, JUN, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), caspase 3 (CASP3), cyclin D1 (CCND1), MYC, RELA, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), IL2, PTGS2, and others, implicating these targets as the main targets of P. frutescens in the treatment of CKD stage 3–5.