Unlike the lncRNAs discussed above, RPPH1 apparently exerts a neuroprotective compensatory mode of action in AD pathology via two varying ceRNA axes: RPPH1/miR-122/WNT1 (Gu et al., 2020) and RPPH1/miR-326/pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) (Gu et al., 2021). Here, PKM is linked to Alzheimer disease.