Specifically, dendritic length and numbers of dendritic branching and spines are reduced in hippocampal neurons of AD patients (Adlard and Vickers, 2002; Falke et al., 2003; Grutzendler et al., 2007) and AD mouse models, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice such as presenilin1 (PS1) and APP double transgenic mice (Grutzendler et al., 2007; Malthankar-Phatak et al., 2012; Šišková et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.