TSC1 and tuberous sclerosis: Presently, the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin and its analogs are the sole pathway-related drugs used clinically to treat epilepsy, primarily in tuberous sclerosis (TSC) patients with rare TSC1/2 deletion mutations which enhance downstream MTOR signaling (Crino, 2016; Kim and Lee, 2019; Stafstrom, 2019).