It has been shown that serum levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1-beta and 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and chemokines (interleukin 8) are significantly higher in patients with BPS/IC than in controls; However, these are less sensitive and specific [23, 24]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.