The NLRP3 inflammasome has been recently the target of intense research as a molecule of therapeutic interest in Alzheimer’s disease [80, 81], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [82], vascular dementia [30], multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalopathy[83–85], stroke [26, 86], bacterial meningitis [22, 87], traumatic brain injury [88], cerebral hemorrhage [89], in addition to systemic illnesses such as peritoneal fibrosis [90] and type-2 diabetes [91], in both clinical and pre-clinical studies. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.