Multiple studies have found that the NF-kB signaling pathway is an important one that regulates the pro-inflammatory response, and it is closely associated with the development of CAVD (Éva Sikura et al. 2021; Liu et al. 2017; Zeng et al. 2017). Here, NFKB1 is linked to congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.