Another study reported that human MoDC infection with HSV-1 strain 17syn+, but not strain KOS, induced increased levels of cytokine expression for IFN-α/β, IL-28, IL-29, TNF-α, and chemokines CCL5 and CXCL10 at 9 hpi, yet at 18 hpi no increase was observed [85]. Here, TNF is linked to infection.