CPA3 can deactivate snake venom (sarafotoxin) by degrading it, thus enhancing survival in experimental mouse models.29,39 Similarly, CPA3 can proteolytically modify endothelin-1 by removing its C-terminal Trp residue which protects against endothelin-1-induced lethality in a mouse model mimicking sepsis.39 CPA3 might also play a role in fighting against parasitic infections. Here, EDN1 is linked to parasitic infectious disease.