EVC and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: The allele frequencies of nonsynonymous SNPs and their genotypes pattern in ten genes (e.g., EVC, GDF6, RXFP2, TMEM154) showed differences among populations with varied phenotypes such as body size (e.g., normal/dwarf), horn status (e.g., horned/polled), and disease resistance (e.g., pneumonia susceptibility/resistance) (supplementary table S27, Supplementary Material online).