TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: We observed that TNFα also induced the phosphorylation of CDK9 (Supplementary Fig. 1j and Fig. 1i), and p-CDK9 levels were increased in NASH livers (Supplementary Fig. 1k–l), which further indicates that CDK9 may be involved in the nuclear/cytosolic translocation of METTL3 in NASH.