Among the 65 children younger than 5 years at the time of malaria episode who subsequently crossed the 5-year age mark during follow-up and were tested with the cognitive testing battery for children 5 years or older, increased plasma tau was associated with worse attention (β = −1.08; 95% CI, −1.79 to −0.38; P = .003) and working memory (β = −1.39; 95% CI, −2.18 to −0.60; P = .001) (Figure 3B). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is malaria.