INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: and Bacteroidetes spp.[44] Other work with blueberry has found similar results, showing gut microbiota modulation, improvement of barrier integrity (increased villosities and mucin and β-defensin-2 expression), attenuating obesity-associated inflammation (lower proinflammatory cytokines expression), and better response to insulin in rats with diet-induced obesity.[45]