The increased incidence rate of PCa among populations of higher income in some years found in the current study was consistent with other studies showing a positive association between SES and higher PCa risk.41,42 The high incidence of PCa among high-income populations may be partially explained by increased opportunistic PSA screening among higher income males compared to males of lower income.43,44. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.