The tumor microenvironment (TME), which is defined as tumor cells and the surrounding environment, includes tumor-related immune cells, blood vessels, cytokines, stroma, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and other signaling molecules. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.