Other than MMPs, metastasis suppressor genes, MKK4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 4), BRMS1 (breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1) and NM23 (non-metastatic gene 23) also play a remarkable role in the inhibition of metastasis.50,51 Similarly, modulation of uPA, uPAR, and TIMP expression also plays a vital role in the suppression of metastasis.52 The crude extracts of Catharanthus roseus, Origanum majorana, and Brassica oleracea possess anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities in breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. The gene discussed is BRMS1; the disease is breast cancer.