and recessively inherited disorder caused by variants of the autoimmune regulator gene, AIRE. In addition to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) which is caused by the reduction of key cytokines for CMC, IL-22 and IL-17F (61), APECED is characterized by variable combinations of endocrine autoimmune diseases (62). This evidence concerns the gene AIRE and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.