We found that miR-16-5p overexpression in CD3+ T cells from people with HIV infection receiving ART (Supplementary Figure 3) was associated with significantly decreased proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with that in controls (p = 0.035 and p = 0.011 for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively) (Figure 5A). Here, CD4 is linked to HIV infectious disease.