The interactions of cytokine/cytokine receptor levels and interactions of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, TNF alpha, soluble TNF (sTNF) RI, IL-2 receptor-alpha, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor, became significant predictors in patients with NSCLC (49). Here, VEGFA is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.