S1PR3 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Moreover, nitrated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), a critical molecule mediating vascular permeability via Rho activation, was found within EVs released by lung endothelial cells exposed to barrier disruptive agents (such as LPS or mechanical stress) and association between increased S1PR3 plasma concentration and mortality was further validated in ARDS patients (Sun et al., 2012).