IGF1 and Stroke: IGF-1 levels decline in advanced age, and the extent of this decline is associated with increased risk of stroke incidence, increased mortality, and worsened functional outcomes post-stroke in humans (Johnsen et al., 2004; De Smedt et al., 2011; Tang et al., 2014; Armbrust et al., 2017; Saber et al., 2017).