Importantly, canonical Wnt signaling appears not to be involved in ISC migration, as knockdown of the canonical Wnt pathway transducers Armadillo (Arm; β-catenin in mammals) or Pangolin (Pan; TCF in mammals)47,48 did not affect ISC migration after Ecc15 infection (Supplementary Fig. 4e). The gene discussed is HNF4A; the disease is infection.