CASP9 and cancer: This group showed that α-mangostin increased the ROS in cancer cell lines, resulting in loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), in the increase of proapoptotic protein Bax, and the decrease of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, which induce cytochrome C release and activation of caspase-9/caspase-3, promoting apoptosis [41].