Moreover, regarding BPH research, researchers are focusing on new alternatives in the field of surgical treatment (e.g., water vapor thermal therapy), combinational therapies (e.g., combination of PDE5 inhibitors with 5α-reductase inhibitors, a β-3 adrenergic agonist with α1-adrenoceptor antagonists), and herbal supplements (particularly among the herbs of TCM, e.g., Coptis chinensis). This evidence concerns the gene IGKV4-1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia.