The integral role of autophagy in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis has been shown by several studies as knockout of core autophagy genes including ATG3 [46,47,48] in cancer cells severely disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis leading to disorganized cristae, reduced oxidative phosphorylation, accumulation of fragmented mitochondria, and impaired mitophagy [49,50]. Here, ATG3 is linked to cancer.