These non-MM cells, in turn, secrete abnormal levels of a variety of cytokines and growth factors in a paracrine fashion to promote pathogenesis of MM, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, MIP-1α/β, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) [9,17,18,19]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and Miyoshi myopathy.