ANPEP and non-small cell lung carcinoma: At the developing stage of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cytokines such as IFN-γ and GM-CSF are shown to drive the neutrophil differentiation towards expressing the co-stimulatory molecules CD13 (OX40) ligand, CD86, and 4-1BB ligand, specific neutrophil activation markers that promote anti-tumor activity [86].