TNF and acute myeloid leukemia: Substantial interindividual differences concerning the release of cytokines by AML cells upon RANK signaling were observed: For none of the 7 investigated samples, release of all four cytokines was observed, whereas at least 1.5-fold increased release of IL-6, IL-8, TNF and IL-10 compared to the control was observed in 3, 4, 5 and 2 patient samples, respectively (Figure 2C).