PTEN and melanoma: Furthermore, according to the Genomic Classification of Cutaneous Melanoma [12], PTEN mutations, PD-1, PD-L1 and MITF genes were observed in significantly higher copy numbers in BRAF-subtype melanomas defined with the presence of hot-spot mutations; thus, these genetic alterations and the aforementioned immune mechanisms explicate the importance of applied immunotherapies or the need for predictive markers regarding therapy choice and survival.