HIF1A and cancer: Thereafter, radiation treatment (6 Gy) took place followed by post-treatment monitoring of (i) the spatial secretion of the hypoxic biomarker HIF-1a in the 3D scaffolds; (ii) the cell viability and cell apoptosis in the 3D scaffolds; and (iii) the secretion of collagen-I by the cancer cells in the 3D scaffolds.