Following four weeks of culturing pancreatic cancer cells in 21% O2 in our highly porous polymer fibronectin coated scaffolds (i.e., at a timeframe that we have previously shown) allowed for the formation of PDAC physiological features such as dense spatial cell aggregates, metabolic gradients, and secretion of collagen-I by the PDAC cells [24]. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and pancreatic neoplasm.