HIF1A and lung carcinoma: Similarly to this, Simon et al. (2016) report a lung cancer cell based Cells-in-Gels-in-Paper 3D model (in which polyvinyl chloride multilayer sheets simulate a poorly vascularised tumour), identifying a HIF-1a over-expression and reduced sensitivity to ionising radiation when the distance between cells and oxygenated medium was increased, suggesting low oxygen association with radioprotection [67].