As an example, CAAR-T cells were designed to treat the autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris, characterized by skin blisters and mucosal membranes, and mediated by autoantibodies targeting keratinocyte adhesion protein desmoglein (Dsg)3, as shown in Figure 5A. CAAR-T cells carrying the Dsg3 autoantigen as their extracellular domain showed high efficacy in the elimination of anti-Dsg3 B cells, and a first clinical trial is currently ongoing [211]. The gene discussed is DSG3; the disease is pemphigus vulgaris.