CD274 and neoplasm: Immune tumor escape may be the result of several mechanisms: activation of inhibitors of the immune checkpoint through PD-1/PD-L1; CTLA4; T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule (TIM)3; lymphocyte activation gene (LAG)3; extrinsic pathways mediated by T-regs or myeloid-derived suppressor cells; and the secretion of cytokines such as TGF-β.