In human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MiaPaCa-2) cells, GDNF binds to its receptor GFRalpha1, activates the RET co-receptor, and promotes mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to induce cancer cell migration towards nerve in vitro and animal models of PNI [128,129]. The gene discussed is GDNF; the disease is cancer.