For example, increased signalling through the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) activates the JAK/STAT, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways normally stimulated by EML4-ALK or NPM1-ALK, causing crizotinib resistance in NSCLC and ALCL respectively [129,130]. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.